Medical conditions known to cause visual pathway and visual processing damage are:
- Asphyxia and perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
- Cerebral vascular accident
- Periventricular leukomalacia
- Infection
- Structural abnormalities
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Metabolic conditions
- Traumatic brain injury as known
(Roman-Lantzy, et. al., 2010.)